Everything about Miohippus totally explained
Miohippus (meaning "small horse") (whose species are commonly referred to as the
three-toed horses) was a genus of prehistoric horse that lived in what is now
North America during the late
Eocene to early
Oligocene Period some 36 million years ago. It is believed to have branched off from
Mesohippus, and the two coexisted for about four-eight million years.
Mesohippus had died out by the mid-Oligocene, and
Miohippus became much larger than it. They weighed around 40 to 55 kilograms. They were somewhat larger than most earlier
Eocene horse ancestors, but still much smaller than modern horses, which typically weigh about 500 kilograms.
Miohippus was larger than
Mesohippus and had a slightly longer skull. Its facial
fossa was deeper and more expanded, and the
ankle joint was subtly different.
Miohippus also had a variable extra crest on its upper
molars, which gave it a larger surface area for chewing tougher forage. This would become a typical characteristic of the teeth of later equine species.
Miohippus had two forms, one of which adjusted to the life in
forests, while the other remained suited to life on
prairies. The forest form led to the birth of
Kalobatippus (or
Miohippus intermedius), whose second and fourth finger again elongated for travel on the softer primeval forest grounds. The
Kalobatippus managed to relocate to
Asia via the
Bering Strait land bridge, and from there moved into
Europe, where its
fossils were formerly described under the name
Anchitherium.
Kalobatippus is then believed to have evolved into a form known as
Hyohippus, which became extinct near the beginning of the
Pliocene.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Miohippus'.
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